ginochio



t e e h S MW e e h .S 2 0 I E 0 CW NH H L E Bm N (No Model.)

Patented Mar. 26. 1889.

Jul a-urea,

VL knew e UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NOEL B. GINOOHIO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ELIAS M, GREENE, OF SAME PLACE.

TELEPHONE;

s'rnorrrcn'rron forming part of Letters Patent No. 400,325, dated Maren 2c, iced Application file July 20, 1888. Serial No. 280,475. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NOEL GINOCHIO, a

citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Telephones, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to telephones, and more especially to that class of telephones known as magneto, which operate without the aid of a battery-current; and it has for its object to provide an improved construction of telephones of this class which shall be exceedingly powerful and effective and capable of transmitting messages for long distances, and which'at the same time shall be cheap and simple of construction and not liable to get out of order; and my invention consists, generally, in the construction and arrangement of parts substantially as hereinafter set forth.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view showing so much of a telephone embodying my invention as is necessary for a clear understanding thereof. Figs. 2, 3, and 4B are similar views representing other embodiments of my invention. Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of one form of transmitter to be used with my invention, and Fig. 6 is a diaphragm for the telephone.

In the construction of magneto-telephones it is a great desideratum to provide a strong magnetic field for the telephones in which the diaphragms shall be placed, so that slight variations or movements in the diaphragm I will cause correspondingly large impulses or changes of potential on the line, and, on the contrary, the changes of potential on the line shall cause correspondingly large variations in the diaphragm of the receiving-instrument. Various attempts have been made to effectively produce such powerful magnetic fields, and one of the essential objects of my invention is to provide an instrument which shall have this capacity and at the same time be simple and cheap in construction.

It is usual to have connected with the telephone-line a signaling apparatus, by means of which the attention of subscribers or operators can be called, and this apparatus usually consists of a magneto-electric bell and a magneto-electric generator for operating it. In the arrangement shown I utilize the same magnet for the purpose of furnishing the magnetic field for the telephone and for producing the magneto-currents for operating the bell, and while this idea may be carried out in various ways I have shown in Fig. 1 one arrangement which I have found practically successful.

1, 2, and 3 are circular or ring-shaped permanent magnets placed together, forming a compound magnet, being cut away at a point, 4. lVhile I have shown this compound magnet in the present instance as being three circular magnets, it may be made of more or less, as desired. Embracing this compound magnet are the permanent magnets 5 6 and 7 8, which are arranged to surround the compound magnet to a certain extent, and their ends 9 10 are extended outward, as shown, and mounted on these ends are the soft-iron cores 11 12, each of which is surrounded by the mainline coils 13 14, and in front of these cores are supported diaphragms 15 of the transmitting and receiving telephones T R. Suitably mounted within the compound magnet is an armature, 16, having coils 17 connected in the main line, and this armature is adapted to be rotated by any suitable means, as the cogwheels 18 19, the latter of which is provided with a suitable handle, 20. Arranged in the circuit is a magneto-bell, 21, for receiving signals.

\Vhile I have shown in this instance the bell and armature of the generator directly in the main-line circuit, it is evident that they may be arranged in. the usual n'lanner, so, that the bell and armature will be cut out of circuit when the telephones are in use, and the telephones will be cut out when the bell is in use; but as this forms no part of my present invention I have not deemed it necessary to illustrate it.

From the above construction it will be seen that I am enabled to produce a very strong and powerful field of force for the diaphragms of the telephone and at a comparatively small expense, as I make use of the strength of the magneto-call-bell magnets in addition to the ordinary permanent magnets of the telephone for producing this field, and I find that the operation of the generator in no way interferes with the operation of the telephones, and the telephone-magnets also assist in strengthening the compound magnet of the generator, and I am thereby enabled to get strong magneto-electric impulses to produce the signals on the balls, and this is especially desirable in long-distance telephony.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a different arrangement of magnets, but embracing the same idea. In this in stance the generating-m agnet is shown as composed of two permanent magnets, 1 2, arranged in annular form, in which the armature 10 rotates, and connected to this perman ent magnet is a larger compound magnet composed of anumber of permanent magnets, 5 6 7, also arranged in an annular form and having a cutaway portion, to which at each point the plates are secured, and these plates are provided with soft-iron cores 1112, having coils 13 14, as before, arranged in the mainline circuit. Fig. 3 shows another arrangement in which the compound magnet is made up of two long permanent magnets, 1 2, the middle portion of which is bent substantially in the form of a ring and operates as the field magnet of the armature 16 of the call-bell generator, and the terminals 9 10 of the magnet are bent in U form and support the transmitter and receiver. In Fig. lIhave represented a somewhat simpler form, in which the compound magnet is made up of the annular permanent magnets 1 2 3, having a cut-away portion, upon the extremities of which are placed the transmitter and receiver telephones, and within the annulus is arranged the armature 16 of the callgenerator. In these last three figures I have not shown the circuits, as their arrangement is evident, and is similar to that shown in Fig. 1. It will thus be seen that this feature of my invention may be embodied in different forms without departing from the spirit thereof, and that I am thus enabled to furnish a powerful magnetic field for the telephones, as well as for the armature of the call-generator, by a very simple and cheap construction and arrangement of permanent magnets.

\Vhile I may make use of any well-known form of 1nagneto-telephone as a transmitter and receiver, I prefer to use such a one as is illustrated in. Fig. 5, in which 10 is one of the poles of the compound magnet shown in the previous figures, and 12 is an iron core mounted thereon and surrounded by a coil, 14: connected to the main line. Arranged in proximity to this core is a diaphragm, 15, shown in this instance as mounted in the box or frame 23, which is connected to a tube, 24:, having an internal screw-thread adapted to engage with an external screw-thread upon the tube 25 of the mouth-piece 26. This mouth-piece is provided with a ring or depression, 27, in which bears a supporting-ooh lar, 28, secured to the box or frame 29, mounted on the arm or pole 10. By this arrangement it will be observed that I am enabled to accurately and equally adjust the diaphragm with relation to the pole-piece 12. By simply turning the mouth-piece 26 to the right or left, as the case maybe, it will raise or lower the case 23 with the diaphragm supported therein. Another advantage of this arrangement is found in the fact that the diaphragm and magnet are practically incloscd within two cases or boxes, and this prevents the interference of extraneous disturbing causes with the diaphragm and renders the same more delicate and sensitive to air-waves passing through the mouth-piece.

IVhile I may make use of any form of dia phragm, I prefer to use one the basis of which is non-magn etic or nonmetallic, as I find that I can produce larger diaphragms of this material than of the usual metal from which they are generally made. In producing this diaphragm I use a sheet or sheets of a pyroxyline compound, and in order that it may be rendered susceptible to magnetic induction I apply to the surface of the pyroxyline adjacent to the pole of the magnet some metallic substance. This I can do by softening the surface of the pyroxyline diaphragm by treating it with an alcoholic solution of benzoin or camphor or other, or its equivalent, and impregnatin g the softened surface with the iron filings. These filings may be distributed over the surface in any desired manner, although I preferably concentrate them at or near the center of the diaphragm, as indicated in Fig. 6, and gradually diminish the amount of illings toward the edges thereof.

In place of the iron filings I have used fine wires stretched across the face of the pyroxyline diaphragm and embedded them in the surface thereof. In this wayI can produce a diaphragm of any desired size that is capable of being tightly stretched, and at the same time is exceedingly sensitive to sound-waves,

and by embedding in one surface of the diaphragm some magnetic material. it is also rendered extremely sensitive to magnetic induction, and will be operated by and respond to the most delicate variations of potential in the magneto currents flowing over the line.

I have not shown the telephone mounted in the case for the sake of clearness; but it is evident that in practical use it is desirable to mount the whole apparatus in a suitable box or casing for the protection and support of its parts.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated what I consider to be the most practical forms of its embodiment, it will be understood that I am not limited to the pre cise forms and arrangements shown, as they may be varied by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of my invention.

hat I claim is 1. The combination, with an annular magnet, of an armature arranged to rotate therein, extension-pieces connected to the annular scribed.

magnet, soft-iron cores mounted on said extension-pieces, and coils surrounding said cores connected in the main line, and diaphragms for said coils, substantially as de- 2. The combination, With the end of the permanent magnet, as 10, of a core mounted thereon sustaining a coil connected to the main line, a box also mounted on the magnet, a mouth-piece mounted in said box, and a case supporting a diaphragm connected to and operated by the mouth-piece, substantially as described.

3. A magneto-telephone having a permanent magnet, a core fixed thereon supporting a coil, a case surrounding the coil supporting a diaphragm, and means for adjusting the diaphragm and case With relation to the core and magnet, substantially as described.

4. In a magneto-telephone, a diaphragm of pyroxyline having magnetic material embedded in one surface thereof, the said material being distributed over the surface so as to be concentrated at or near the center of the diaphragm and gradually diminishing toward the edges thereof, substantially as described.

5. In a magneto-telephone, a diaphragm of pyroxyline having magnetic material embedded in one surface, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

NOEL B. GINOOHIO.

Witnesses:

WM. H. SALTER, WILLIAM F. CLARE. 

